History of Field Hockey
(from the US Field Hockey website)
Before the home run...
before the layup...
before the slap shot...there was a ball and a stick.
One of the oldest of competitive pastimes, the sport of field hockey dates back well before the Ancient Olympic Games. Although the exact origin of the game remains unknown, 4,000-year-old drawings found in the tomb at Beni-Hasen in the Nile Valley of Egypt depicted men playing the sport. Throughout the following centuries, variations of the game were played by a spectrum of cultures ranging from Greeks and Romans to Ethiopians and Aztecs.
The modern game of field hockey evolved in England in the mid-19th century. The first mens hockey club, Blackheath, was formed in 1849, and led to the establishment of the Hockey Association in London in 1886. The British army introduced the game to India and throughout the British colonies, leading to the first International competition in 1895.
Hockey first appeared on the Olympic program at the 1908 London Games and again in 1920 at Antwerp. The sport was again featured on the program at Amsterdam in 1928 and has been an Olympic sport ever since. Women's hockey became a fixture on the Olympic program in Moscow in 1980.
Originally considered far too dangerous for female participation, field hockey quickly became popular with women whose previous introduction to sport included the "socially acceptable" outdoor activities of croquette and lawn tennis. With more and more women becoming active in the sport, the liberating game of field hockey earned the dubious title as the only team sport considered proper for women.
By 1887, the first womens hockey club appeared in East Mosley, England, and was quickly followed by the creation of the All England Womens Hockey Association in 1889 . The sport spread across the Atlantic in 1901 when English physical education instructor Constance Applebee introduced the sport to the U.S. while attending a seminar at Harvard.
Appalled at the parlor games passing for exercise among young American women, Applebee borrowed some sticks and a ball and staged the first hockey exhibition in the United States behind the Harvard gymnasium. The game received an enthusiastic response, and Applebee quickly spread the sport to some of the region's most prestigious women's schools.
By the early 1920s, several colleges and clubs sponsored field hockey teams for women. The U.S. womens touring field hockey team participated in its first international competition in 1920, and two years later the United States Field Hockey Association was founded for the purpose of promoting and generating enthusiasm for the sport.
With the increasing popularity of the sport, and through the pioneering efforts of the Association's early touring teams, the U.S. continued its rise to international prominence. In 1975, the U.S. appeared in the first I.F.W.H.A. World Championship of women's hockey in Edinburgh, Scotland (10th), and five years later earned an invitation to the first women's Olympic Games tournament in Moscow. The U.S. boycott of the 1980 Games prevented the team from competing in Moscow. Four years later, the U.S. captured the bronze medal at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. The team would continue its Olympic tradition with appearances in Seoul in 1988 and Atlanta in 1996.
After the FIH conducted the first women's World Cup in 1975, the U.S. team began an impressive string of successive trips to the prestigious tournament in 1983. The U.S. would qualify for each of the ensuing World Cup tournaments including a bronze medal finish in Dublin in 1994.
With similar humble beginnings, mens field hockey began in the United States with the first official match between the Westchester Field Hockey Club (Rye NY) and the Germantown Cricket Club (near Philadelphia) in 1928. That same year, the Field Hockey Association of America was formed, and in 1930, the FHAA became the fourteenth member of hockey's international federation, the Federation International de Hockey (FIH). Today, the FIH features over 100 member nations. Henry Greer,considered the founder of men's hockey in the United States, served as president of the FHAA from 1930 to 1959 and served as player-coach on the 1932 U.S. Olympic team.
Bolstered by its new international membership, the U.S. Mens team competed in the Olympic Games for the first time at the 1932 Los Angeles Games. The three-team tournament saw the United States earn the bronze medal after losing to silver medalist Japan, 9-2, and gold medal winner India, 24-1.
The U.S. men went on to compete in other Olympic Games in 1936, 1948, 1956, 1984 and 1996. A lack of funds and political challenges kept the team from competing in 1952. With the inclusion of hockey in the Pan Am Games in 1967 and Olympic qualification dependent on success in Pan Am event, the FHAA faced mounting obstacles in returning to the Games.
In April of 1993, the FHAA and the USFHA, at the urging of the United States Olympic Committee, merged to form one national governing body for both womens and mens field hockey. The USFHA currently seeks to foster and develop the amateur sport of field hockey by providing participation opportunities for players, coaches, officials, and administrators and preparing teams to represent the United States in international competitions.
Today, nearly 14,000 players, coaches, officials and fans enjoy the benefits of U.S. Field Hockey Association membership. With programs ranging from elite teams and futures identification to club hockey and grassroots development, today's U.S. Field Hockey continues to raise public awareness and promote the sport as a lifetime activity. The U.S. Field Hockey Association provides players, coaches, officials and administrators educational and participation opportunities while supplying support and resources essential to the development and enjoyment of the game.
Even if its just a ball and stick.
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