De Anza Youth Soccer League Recreational/Development Program: Soccer Info

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Confidence in Soccer

Introduction

Any coach or player will tell you that one of the most important elements in successful soccer performance is the level of self-confidence. Vealey an expert in sports psychology describes confidence, as "the belief or degree of certainty individuals possess about their ability to be successful in sport". When players are confident they can perform at their best level and it is rare for successful players to have a persistent lack of confidence. Fig 1 below shows various factors both in and out of soccer that may affect confidence levels.

Developing a good general state of confidence is vital for withstanding and recovering from setbacks such as a defeat or a poor performance.There are many characteristics that reflect a player’s confidence and this can be observed during training and games through body language and verbal comments. The following is based on Beswick's (psychologist in English professional soccer) work in top level soccer and lists the messages sent out by players who are high in confidence:

- High self-belief - a real "I can do it" attitude
- projecting a positive image through good body language
- enjoying and having fun in competition and training
- not unduly worried about losing or consequences
- calm, collected, concentrated, and high self-control
- don't feel the need to impress others
- accept themselves for the way they are whilst understanding their strengths and weaknesses

These characteristics may be attained through good coaching and management of players and are essential for attaining success in soccer.

Ways of Building Confidence

There are several methods to build up confidence in your players and team. One of the most influential sources of confidence is often past performance - success breeds confidence and vice versa. Thus what we might call a positive confidence cycle can be developed and this is highly linked to the technique of "goal setting". This technique involves planning and setting goals in training for a player to achieve. These can be short, medium or long term, must be challenging but obtainable. For example, too difficult goals will result in players becoming frustrated. Coaches should try to make training both fun and enjoyable. They should also reward good performance with compliments and when failure occurs use praise/criticism techniques to advise the players, e.g. after a poor shot:

Praise the player: "Good power in the shot..."
Criticise the player: "But I think you can improve the..."
Praise the player: "I know you can do it..."

Verbal encouragement and treating players with equal respect can play an important part in attaining the right level of confidence, especially coming from experienced and respected coaches. Players can also encourage themselves through positive self-talk - remember Mohammed Ali's "I am the Greatest!” Transforming thoughts such as "What if I miss the shot" into "I will get the next one in" or "I don't think I am good enough" into "The coaches must think so and trust me as they picked me" will help remove inner doubt. Channelling the nervous energy produced from the stress-response into positive thoughts can provide another source of confidence. Feeling your heartbeat strongly can be thought as "I am up for this" rather than "I am scared". Players must also place total trust in their personal skills (as well as in others) to win and be able to screen out distractions.Another means of building up confidence is the observation and imitation of successful players. Coaches may want to organise demonstrations, videos and practices based on what players have seen. However, care must be taken to ensure that players feel they cannot match that player for skill or become frustrated through failure. Also, Mental Imagery may be employed as a means of mentally rehearsing correct technique. The old saying practice makes perfect is also important as a correctly prepared player will start a match knowing they are at the peak of their form and are ready for all situations that may occur. It is important as well that players who lose confidence do not concentrate too much on the one area of their game where they are struggling and hide the other areas where they are doing well. A good example is a centre forward who is missing chances, concentrating on all the aspects of his game such as build-up play and creating chances for others can avoid over-emphasing the one big problem and allow the player to see their overall importance to the team. Beswick calls this seeing the Big Picture.Finally, a player's personal lifestyle will affect their self-confidence. Parents of younger players must never let their egos and dreams get the better of themselves. Children need love, support and understanding whether they win or lose. It is essential for players to have someone in their life to share their feelings with and who can also help guide and provide encouragement.

Conclusion

Both the coach and player have an important role to play in building confidence. Players must always look at the positive side of things, be correctly prepared, committed, see situations as challenges not problems and trust themselves. Making sure of a correct lifestyle will also help maintain confidence. A coach can heavily influence player confidence through a positive philosophy as well as providing demanding yet attainable goals in training and competition. A coach must through correct praise and criticism encourage players to better themselves and to concentrate on every part of their game.

Psychology – 3 Master Key to “Enter the Zone” Everyday

Introduction

This article based on the psychology of soccer was kindly written by Ed O'Keefe who also provides expert mental advice on his web site, which can be visited at http://www.secretsofcoaching.com 

The zone is an experience players get when everything they do seems effortless. They allow themselves to be an athlete and allow their subconscious mind to go on "auto pilot". The athlete is not thinking, "what could go wrong, who's in the crowd, or will I get pulled from the game?" Instead they are, "in the game." When people are in the zone the game goes by quickly. They play so well that they may forget what happens. This is because the experience was almost unreal. The best athletes do this most often. They trust in their abilities and let things flow. If the athlete has to think too much about what they are doing, the athlete cannot naturally react and respond and the zone cannot be achieved.

Three Master Keys to “Entering The Zone”

Key #1 - Physiology

Physiology is how you use your body. How you breathe. How you move. How you warm up. Chemicals are released by the brain that is directly related to how you use your body. Your body position, how you breathe, will dictate the types of chemical your brain releases. This is important because when people are confident they have almost a certain walk or swagger. The shoulders are back; the head is up, with deep breathing. Taking this example and concept we can then ask a soccer player, "How do you feel when you are playing your best, what does it feel like in your body?" So, in preparation to enter the zone the athlete must access those movements and positions, so that when they move in this way they start firing off signals to their brain, saying, "hey, today's the day and I'm going to perform as I did when I was in the zone." The way an athlete moves will, in may respects, dictate whether or not an athlete plays or practices well.Physiology and how you move is something that is beyond just game day. The athlete should feel confident all the time. When the player thinks about an upcoming game, they put themselves in a certain physiology. A player is asked, "think of a team that you know you can beat." The player will have their shoulders back, their head nodding saying, "I know we can beat them!" Then the player is asked, "think of the team that's number one in your conference." Their physiology will change. They may become nervous and show signs of anxiety. Their breathing may change. Become shallower and more rapid. The situation can be altered if the athlete has the confidence to know that they, the opponent, may be good, but we are going to find a way to beat them. This strategy can be used the week of the game.

I remember watching the end of a kick off. Both teams scored 4 goals. So it came down to the last two guys. One went up confidently, and put his ball in the back of the net rather easily. The next guy walked up, head down, and physically looking like he had already lost. To make a long story, short, his attempt went wide left, not even close to being a goal. One thing to note is that his physiology, then affected his thinking, and his internal images, which affected his performance.

Key #2-Positive Self-talk

So, as you can see, these three keys are all interrelated. When the athlete places himself or herself in a negative physiology, the self-talk is usually negative. The statement may be, "I hope we can win, we'll try and win today." Or they may ask, "Do you think I can cover my man? He/she is pretty fast!" Or, "I hope I don't blow the game for us today." The words hope and try are all negative suggestions to the mind because they bring up doubt and bring up things that the athlete doesn't want to happen. The key is to replace the words "hope" and "try" with "know" and "will". The player should say, "I know I'll beat my man today." A goalie may say, "I am shutting down this team today!" "My defence is solid and I anticipate everything!" A midfielder can say, "I have great control of the ball, and am controlling the game today." Even though mistakes will occur, believe in what you can do by giving your body and mind these suggestions, allowing your body to respond the way you want rather than in a negative way. In developing self-talk the player must realize that they talk to themselves. Most players don't. The average player has 50 to 60 thousand thoughts a day. Research says that 90 percent of those occur the day before. If you do the same thing day after day, those thoughts don't change. If they are negative, those thoughts will continue the entire life of the person. To change your thoughts, the first thing is to be aware of their inner dialogue. Notice the difference between when the person is happy and feeling good and what they say to themselves. The player should think about it. With the same concept the player should be asked "What do you say to yourself when you make a mistake?" There will be major differences between the two. They need to be taught that when they start to say a negative phrase they should stop and say, "that's not true" and finish with a positive suggestion. An example would be when a defender lets the other team get behind him or her and they score. Something might come into the defenders head may be, "man I am terrible." Or "I always cost us the game!" The defender needs to be taught to say, "forget it, I'm turning this game around right now." "I always bounce back stronger after making a mistake." The next thing the defender needs to immediately do is change their body position (physiology). This is how the two work together. Another thing that can be done is to write affirmations. Phrases that allow the player to start programming their mind and create a focus. Simple things like, "I'm a great consistent striker, and I’m confident, positive and a team player." These phrases can be put on a 3x5 card and put in a notebook, or placed in their room where they see it and repeat it day after day. It should be related to what they think about themselves and what they want to become.

Key #3-Visualization

This is the aspect of zone training that most people are familiar with. Everyone visualizes. Some people may not be aware of it. Visualization is the best way to pre-program for success in actions in future events. The best time to visualize is right before going to sleep. This is the time to play the scenario that the athlete wants to have happen in the game. It may include what the opponent will do in trying to win. The athlete thinks of how they and their teammates should respond positively to the challenges of the games. If visualization is done prior to the game it should be done well before the game because when you put your self into what is known as alpha state (necessary for visualization), the body becomes very relaxed. This in itself is good, but not if the athlete is not used to it before competition. This is an individual thing that players must be aware of. Another good time to visualize is upon waking up in the morning. This is the fastest way of changing any behaviour and learning new strategies. An example is a player working on beating their man off the ball, and scoring. The player should watch the play go through their mind starting with 10 times, and keep repeating it until the skill is mastered.Another situation is prior to the game and the images that a player might have, whether they are a negative or positive outcome. If the player is not confident about the chance of winning the game this puts the player in a negative physiological state which will creates negative self talk which creates a negative outlook on the images of the game. This creates a cycle of negative feelings, and until you change either the self-talk, images or the physiology, the player’s performance will suffer and the opportunity of entering the zone will be lost. An additional negative factor is that the player will take the rest of the team down with them, depending on their leadership role. The good news is that if you change one factor, you change them all. A great place to start is self-talk. The player may feel that they are going to have a tough time, but if the player says, "no way, we have the best staff and toughest strikers in the league, we can find a way to pull this out!" this changes everything. This is the breakthrough that coaches should look for.
Getting Ready for PracticeFollowing is an example of the mental preparation of a captain of a team prior to practice during the season leading up to important games to determine the league or national championships. When you wake up in the morning, after first visualizing an important task to achieve at practice, change the physiology. Stretch, put the shoulders back and get the kinks out of the body and say, "today's going to be a great day, something big is going to happen and I'm the one who will make it happen." This creates a positive outlook on the day. As the day goes on one of the critical things the leader of the team should do is think about how they show up in class or social environments around their teammates. This is the time to be walking with a confident strut and not walking around lazy.